Publication in the Diário da República: Despacho n.º 9750/2021 - 06/10/2021
6 ECTS; 2º Ano, 1º Semestre, 14,0 T + 56,0 PL + 14,0 OT , Cód. 602914.
Lecturer
- José Manuel Lopes Farinha (1)(2)
(1) Lead Professor
(2) Teaching Professor
Prerequisites
Not applicable.
Objectives
1. Understand the concepts and techniques of accounting records related to transactions involving classes 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, in accordance with the SNC accounting framework;
2. Analyse the impact of specific transactions on information disclosure;
3. Interpret the accounting outputs specific to each transaction carried out, particularly with regard to year-end procedures, taking into account the different users of accounting information;
4. Understand the information to be disclosed in the Financial Statements: Balance Sheet, Income Statement, Statement of Changes in Equity, Cash Flow Statement and Notes;
5. Analyse the outputs generated by the Financial Statements; Interpret the accounting outputs related to financial reporting and accountability;
6. Prepare financial reporting and accountability elements for private companies;
7. Use digital tools, including artificial intelligence tools, where appropriate, as auxiliary support for research, information organisation, preliminary analysis of accounting transactions, review of procedures, interpretation of outputs and preparation of financial reporting elements, without replacing the students own accounting reasoning;
8. Critically assess information obtained through digital or artificial intelligence tools, identifying possible errors, limitations or inadequacies in relation to the SNC, applicable legislation, recommended bibliography and the lecturers guidance.
Program
1. The Operating Cycle:
1.1. Continuation of the study initiated in CFI of accounts receivable and accounts payable NCRF 5:
- Main concepts;
- Recognition and measurement: initial and subsequent;
- Impairment;
- Study of accounts: State and Other Public Entities,
- Shareholders/Partners, Other Accounts Receivable and Payable, Personnel.
2. The Investment Cycle:
2.1. Tangible Fixed Assets NCRF 7:
- Concepts;
- Recognition and measurement: initial and subsequent;
- Permitted models: revaluation versus cost;
- Asset depreciation methods;
- Derecognition: disposals and write-offs;
- Impairment NCRF 12;
- Grants related to assets NCRF 22.
2.2. Intangible Assets NCRF 6:
- Concepts;
- Recognition and measurement: initial and subsequent;
- The case of research and development;
- Permitted models: revaluation versus cost;
- The issue of useful life and its consequences;
- Impairment NCRF 12;
- Derecognition: disposals and write-offs.
2.3. Investment Properties NCRF 11:
- Concepts;
- Recognition and measurement: initial and subsequent;
- Transfers and disposals;
- Impairment NCRF 12.
2.4. Financial Investments NCRF 13 and NCRF 15:
- Concepts;
- Treatment of relationships between companies: legal-accounting concept;
- Joint ventures, investments in associates and subsidiaries;
- Recognition and measurement: the equity method;
- Impairment NCRF 12.
2.5. Non-current Assets Held for Sale NCRF 8:
- Concepts;
- Classification of non-current assets held for sale;
- Recognition and measurement.
2.6. Study of other NCRF with direct application to the Investment Cycle:
- NCRF 9 Leases;
- NCRF 10 Borrowing Costs;
- NCRF 22 Government Grants and Other Public Entity Support.
3. The Financing Cycle:
3.1. Introduction Equity versus liabilities;
3.2. Equity:
- Concepts;
- Incorporation, capital increases and capital reductions;
- Reserves;
- Retained earnings;
- Allocation of results.
3.3. Liabilities:
- Concepts;
- Borrowings obtained;
- Finance costs;
- Recognition, measurement and disclosure.
- Periodic Closing and Year-End Procedures:
4.1. VAT:
- Periodic VAT assessment;
- Adjustments;
- Accounting for VAT payable or recoverable.
4.2. Results:
- Concepts;
- Adjusting entries and entries for the determination of results;
- Accounting policies, changes in accounting estimates and errors NCRF 4;
- Events after the reporting period NCRF 24;
- Determination and accounting treatment of income tax: tax estimate; current tax; and accounting record of income tax.
4.3. Financial statements and accountability documents:
- Balance Sheet;
- Income Statement;
- Statement of Changes in Equity;
- Cash Flow Statement;
- Notes;
- Accountability documents.
5. Digital tools supporting accounting work and accountability:
5.1. Use of digital tools, including artificial intelligence, as auxiliary support for research, information organisation, interpretation of case statements, preliminary analysis of accounting transactions and review of accounting procedures;
5.2. Support in the preparation and preliminary review of elements related to year-end work, financial statements and accountability documents;
5.3. Use of digital tools to support the analysis of accounting outputs, identification of inconsistencies and systematisation of financial information;
5.4. Critical validation of the results obtained, based on the SNC, applicable legislation, recommended bibliography and the lecturers guidance;
5.5. Limits of the use of these tools: possibility of error, outdated information, technical inadequacy or incorrect interpretation of accounting standards and procedures;
5.6. Academic integrity, data protection, confidentiality of business information and student responsibility in the use of digital tools.
Evaluation Methodology
Two modes of assessment:
1. Continuous assessment:
- Two mini-tests (20%+20%=40%).
- Individual final test (60%)
- Minimum score in mini-tests and final test: 7 points (in all assessments)
- Students with a final grade of 9.5 or higher (weighted average) will be approved.
- Grade defense: for final grade higher than 18 points. Non-presence implies assignng 18 rating
- The remaining students will be admitted to the Exam.
2. Non-Continuous Assessment - Examination and Appeal Exams:
- Written test (100%)
- Grade defense: for final grade higher than 18 points. Non-presence implies assigning 18 rating.
Bibliography
- Borges, A. e Ferrão, M. (2012). Manual de Casos Práticos. Lisboa: Áreas Editora
- Borges, A. e Rodrigues, A. e Rodrigues, J. e Rodrigues, R. (2021). Elementos de Contabilidade Geral. Lisboa: Áreas Editora
- Costa, C. e Alves, G. (2021). Contabilidade Financeira. Lisboa: Rei dos Livros
- Lourenço, I. e Morais, A. e Lopes, A. (2020). Fundamentos de Contabilidade Financeira. Lisboa: Edições Sílabo
- Rodrigues, J. (2025). SNC - Sistema de Normalizaçazão Contabilística. Porto: Porto Editora
Teaching Method
Expository method with slides, deductive and inductive methods, guided exercises, case studies and teaching simulation, using digital tools and AI to support accounting work.
Software used in class
Spreadsheet, institutional learning support platform and digital resources provided by the lecturer.
When pedagogically appropriate, artificial intelligence tools may be used as auxiliary support for research, organisation of information, interpretation of assignment statements, preliminary analysis of accounting transactions, review of procedures, analysis of accounting outputs and preparation of accountability reporting elements, always subject to critical validation and lecturer supervision.
